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Postage stamps and postal history of the United States featuring George Eastman.
George Eastman (
July 12,
1854 – March 14,
1932) founded the Eastman Kodak Company and invented the
photographic film, helping to bring
photography to the mainstream. The roll film was also the basis for the invention of the film stock in 1888 by world's first filmmaker, Louis Le Prince, and a decade later by his followers Léon Bouly,
Thomas Edison, the
Lumière Brothers and
Georges Méliès.
Biography
Eastman was born at/in
Waterville, New York, Oneida County, New York. He was the fourth and youngest child of George Washington Eastman and Maria Kilbourn, both from the bordering town of
Marshall, New York. His third sister died shortly after her birth. In
1854, his father established the Eastman Commercial College in Rochester, New York and the Eastman family moved to Rochester in 1865. Two years later, his father died and Eastman left high school to support the family and began working as an office boy by the age of 14.
In 1874, Eastman became intrigued with photography, but was frustrated by the awkward method that required coating a glass plate with a liquid emulsion that had to be used before it dried. After three years of experimentation with British
gelatin emulsions, he developed a dry photographic plate, patented it in both England and the US, and began a photographic business in 1880.
In 1884, he patented a photographic medium that replaced fragile glass plates with a photo-emulsion coated on paper rolls. The invention of roll film greatly speeded up the process of recording multiple images. Kodak film patented on October 14, 1884
camera.Eastman received a patent in 1888 for his roll film
camera. He coined the marketing phrase "You press the button, we do the rest." George Eastman - The History of Kodak and Rolled Photographic Film (2006). About.com. The phrase entered the public consciousness, and was even incorporated into a
Gilbert & Sullivan operetta (
Utopia, Limited). The camera owner could return it with a processing fee of $10, and the company would develop the film and return 100 pictures, along with a new roll of 100
exposure (photography).
On September 4,
1888 Eastman registered the trademark
Kodak. The letter "O" had been a favorite of Eastman's, he is quoted in saying, "it seems a round, endless sort of letter".{{cite web] $15 and their pocket camera now cost $0.50. In an effort to bring photography to the masses, Eastman introduced the
Brownie (camera) in 1900 at a price of just $1. It became a great success.
In 1925, Eastman gave up his daily management of Kodak, becoming chairman of the board. He thereafter concentrated on philanthropic activities. In his final two years Eastman was in intense pain. He had trouble standing and his walking became a slow shuffle that was caused by an (unnamed at the time) degenerative disorder that was affecting his spine. A modern diagnosis would probably cite spinal stenosis, a narrowing of the spinal canal caused by calcification in the vertebrae. He grew depressed knowing he would likely be spending the rest of his life in a wheelchair, as his mother had done during the last two years of her life.
As he aged, he had difficulty standing and walking. Facing the prospect of life in a wheelchair, on March 14th,
1932, Eastman committed
suicide using an automatic pistol., - George Eastman Biography (2006) nnbd.com. leaving a suicide note that read, "My work is done. Why wait?" - Famous Suicide Notes (2006) corsinet.com. His funeral was held at St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Rochester. Eastman, who never married, is buried on the grounds of the company he founded at
Kodak Park in Rochester, New York.
Legacy
During his lifetime, he donated $100 million, mostly to the University of Rochester and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (under the alias "Mr. Smith"). The
Rochester Institute of Technology has a building dedicated to Mr. Eastman, in recognition of his support and substantial donations. He endowed the Eastman School of Music of the University of Rochester.
MIT has a plaque of Eastman (the Brass rubbing of which is traditionally considered by students to bring good luck) in recognition of his donation. Eastman also made substantial gifts to the
Tuskegee Institute and the Hampton Institute. Upon his death, his entire estate went to the University of Rochester, where his name can be found on the Eastman Quadrangle of the River Campus. His former home at 900 East Avenue in Rochester, New York was opened as the George Eastman House International Museum of Photography and Film in 1949. On the 100th anniversary of his birth in 1954, Eastman was honored with a postage stamp from the United States Post Office.
Eastman had a very astute business sense. He focused his company to making film when competition heated in the camera industry. By providing quality and affordable film to every camera manufacturer, Kodak managed to turn all competition into more business.
See also
References
Books
- Carl W. Ackerman, George Eastman: Founder of Kodak and the Photography Business (1930), Beard Books, ISBN 1-89312299-9
- Elizabeth Brayer, George Eastman: A Biography (1996), John's Hopkins University Press, ISBN 0-8018-5263-3, University of Rochester Press 2006 reprint: ISBN 1-58046247-2
External links
- George Eastman archive at the University of Rochester
- The George Eastman Memorial
- The George Eastman House
Patents
{
TIFF format images}
- "Method and Apparatus for Coating Plates", filed September 1879, issued April 1880
- "Photographic Film", filed March 1884, issued October, 1884
- "Roll Holder for Photographic Films", filed August 1884, issued May 1885
- "Camera", filed March, 1888, issued September, 1888
Postage stamps and postal history of the United States featuring George Eastman.
George Eastman (
July 12,
1854 –
March 14, 1932) founded the
Eastman Kodak Company and invented the
photographic film, helping to bring
photography to the mainstream. The roll film was also the basis for the invention of the film stock in 1888 by world's first filmmaker,
Louis Le Prince, and a decade later by his followers
Léon Bouly, Thomas Edison, the Lumière Brothers and
Georges Méliès.
Biography
Eastman was born at/in
Waterville, New York, Oneida County,
New York. He was the fourth and youngest child of George Washington Eastman and Maria Kilbourn, both from the bordering town of Marshall, New York. His third sister died shortly after her birth. In
1854, his father established the Eastman Commercial College in Rochester, New York and the Eastman family moved to Rochester in
1865. Two years later, his father died and Eastman left
high school to support the family and began working as an office boy by the age of 14.
In 1874, Eastman became intrigued with photography, but was frustrated by the awkward method that required coating a glass plate with a liquid emulsion that had to be used before it dried. After three years of experimentation with British gelatin emulsions, he developed a dry photographic plate, patented it in both England and the US, and began a photographic business in 1880.
In 1884, he patented a photographic medium that replaced fragile glass plates with a photo-emulsion coated on paper rolls. The invention of roll film greatly speeded up the process of recording multiple images. Kodak film patented on October 14,
1884 camera.Eastman received a patent in 1888 for his roll film camera. He coined the marketing phrase "You press the button, we do the rest." George Eastman - The History of Kodak and Rolled Photographic Film (2006). About.com. The phrase entered the public consciousness, and was even incorporated into a
Gilbert & Sullivan operetta (
Utopia, Limited). The camera owner could return it with a processing fee of $10, and the company would develop the film and return 100 pictures, along with a new roll of 100 exposure (photography).
On September 4, 1888 Eastman registered the trademark
Kodak. The letter "O" had been a favorite of Eastman's, he is quoted in saying, "it seems a round, endless sort of letter".{{cite web] $15 and their pocket camera now cost $0.50. In an effort to bring photography to the masses, Eastman introduced the Brownie (camera) in 1900 at a price of just $1. It became a great success.
In 1925, Eastman gave up his daily management of Kodak, becoming chairman of the board. He thereafter concentrated on philanthropic activities. In his final two years Eastman was in intense pain. He had trouble standing and his walking became a slow shuffle that was caused by an (unnamed at the time) degenerative disorder that was affecting his spine. A modern diagnosis would probably cite
spinal stenosis, a narrowing of the spinal canal caused by calcification in the vertebrae. He grew depressed knowing he would likely be spending the rest of his life in a wheelchair, as his mother had done during the last two years of her life.
As he aged, he had difficulty standing and walking. Facing the prospect of life in a wheelchair, on March 14th, 1932, Eastman committed
suicide using an automatic pistol., - George Eastman Biography (2006) nnbd.com. leaving a suicide note that read, "My work is done. Why wait?" - Famous Suicide Notes (2006) corsinet.com. His funeral was held at St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Rochester. Eastman, who never married, is buried on the grounds of the company he founded at
Kodak Park in Rochester, New York.
Legacy
During his lifetime, he donated $100 million, mostly to the University of Rochester and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (under the alias "Mr. Smith"). The
Rochester Institute of Technology has a building dedicated to Mr. Eastman, in recognition of his support and substantial donations. He endowed the
Eastman School of Music of the University of Rochester.
MIT has a plaque of Eastman (the Brass rubbing of which is traditionally considered by students to bring good luck) in recognition of his donation. Eastman also made substantial gifts to the
Tuskegee Institute and the Hampton Institute. Upon his death, his entire estate went to the University of Rochester, where his name can be found on the Eastman Quadrangle of the River Campus. His former home at 900 East Avenue in Rochester, New York was opened as the
George Eastman House International Museum of Photography and Film in 1949. On the 100th anniversary of his birth in 1954, Eastman was honored with a postage stamp from the United States Post Office.
Eastman had a very astute business sense. He focused his company to making film when competition heated in the camera industry. By providing quality and affordable film to every camera manufacturer, Kodak managed to turn all competition into more business.
See also
References
Books
- Carl W. Ackerman, George Eastman: Founder of Kodak and the Photography Business (1930), Beard Books, ISBN 1-89312299-9
- Elizabeth Brayer, George Eastman: A Biography (1996), John's Hopkins University Press, ISBN 0-8018-5263-3, University of Rochester Press 2006 reprint: ISBN 1-58046247-2
External links
- George Eastman archive at the University of Rochester
- The George Eastman Memorial
- The George Eastman House
Patents
{
TIFF format images}
- "Method and Apparatus for Coating Plates", filed September 1879, issued April 1880
- "Photographic Film", filed March 1884, issued October, 1884
- "Roll Holder for Photographic Films", filed August 1884, issued May 1885
- "Camera", filed March, 1888, issued September, 1888
George Eastman House
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George Eastman - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
George Eastman (July 12, 1854 – March 14, 1932) founded the Eastman Kodak Company and invented the roll of film, helping to bring photography to the mainstream.
A History of Photography, by Robert Leggat: EASTMAN, George
EASTMAN, George. b. 12 July 1854; d. 14 March 1932 . Up to the time of Eastman photography, though already popular, was still considered too complicated for ordinary users, and ...
George Eastman
Brief biography of the inventor of the handheld camera and dry photographic film.
Kodak: History of Kodak: George Eastman - the man: About his Life
Biography of George Eastman who developed the handheld camera and various photographic processes.
Escuela De Fotografia Y Publicidad George Eastman S C
The American Experience | George Eastman: The Wizard of Photography
The story of George Eastman and how he transformed photography.
George Eastman
George Eastman and his Development of Kodak Equipment Introduction. George Eastman (1854-1932), was an ingenious man who contributed greatly to the field of photography.
Amazon.co.uk: George Eastman: A Biography: Elizabeth Brayer: Books
Amazon.co.uk: George Eastman: A Biography: Elizabeth Brayer: Books ... This item is not eligible for Amazon Prime, but millions of other items are.
Inventor George Eastman Biography
Fascinating facts about George Eastman inventor of the first film in roll form in 1884 and the Kodak camera in 1888.
